One Dustin Hoffman Show I Won’t See
Monday, September 6th, 2010By Michael Kaufman
Dustin Hoffman has been a favorite actor of mine ever since I saw The Graduate in 1967. His performance in Rain Man ranks as one of the greatest pieces of acting in cinema history. He was magnificent as Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman on Broadway in 1987. (I had orchestra seats for that one.)
But I passed up the opportunity to see him play Shylock in Merchant of Venice for free in Central Park during the summer and I will not pay to see it on Broadway now either. I wish he hadn’t taken the part. I wish the New York Shakespeare Festival had chosen another of the Bard’s great works for Central Park this year and that it was so successful they took it to Broadway. But not Merchant of Venice.
“One would have to be blind, deaf and dumb not to recognize that Shakespeare’s grand, equivocal comedy The Merchant of Venice is nevertheless a profoundly anti-Semitic work,” wrote Harold Bloom, literary scholar and critic. This is spelled out in detail in Morris U. Schappes’ pamphlet, Shylock and Anti-Semitism, originally published in 1962 and later reissued by Jewish Currents magazine. As Jonathan Freedland wrote of the 2004 movie version with Al Pacino as Shylock, “There is no getting away from it: Shylock is the villain, bent on disproportionate vengeance. Crucially, his villainy is not shown as a quirk of his own, individual personality, but is rooted overtly in his Jewishness.”
Shakespeare depicted Shylock as “obsessed by money, a man who dreams of moneybags, whose very opening words are ‘three thousand ducats.’ When his daughter betrays him and flees with a Christian lover, it is her theft of his money which is said to trouble him as much as the loss of a child,” said Freedland.
“As the dog Jew did utter in the streets/’My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter!’ ”
Shakespeare, added Freedland, “is dealing here not with a specific trait of Shylock the man but an anti-Semitic caricature.”
Similarly, Shylock’s demand for revenge (“An eye for an eye …) plays on the ancient notion of the Jews as vengeful people. A Jew seeking Christian flesh stirs memories of the anti-Semitic “blood libel,” that Jews use Christian blood for religious ritual. “Above all,” wrote Freedland “it evokes the accusation that fuelled two millennia of European anti-Semitism—that the Jews killed Christ.”
Both Schappes and Freedland point out that Shylock’s villainy is depicted as a specifically Jewish villainy. “And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn/To have the due and forfeit of my bond.” And both reject the notion often put forward by the play’s defenders that the anti-Semitism is trumped by Shylock’s poignant and humanizing “Hath not a Jew eyes…” speech. When Christian characters in the play behave badly, it is because they are not living up to and honoring their Christian faith. However, when Shylock acts badly, says Freedland, “Shakespeare suggests he is fully in accordance with Jewish tradition. Shylock plots Antonio’s downfall with his friend Tubal, promising to continue their dark talk ‘at our synagogue.’”
By the time Shylock makes his renowned speech, it evokes little sympathy. Indeed, says Freedland, it turns out to be an “over-clever” defense by Shylock of his own bloodlust—an argument that, since Jews are the same as Christians, he is entitled to exact the same revenge they would.”
None of this is to suggest that those involved in staging the play in Central Park or in bringing it to Broadway are anti-Semitic. Many, including Hoffman, are Jewish. Their view of the world, from the culturally diverse arts scene in Manhattan, might well assume that their audiences are free of such antiquated prejudice. In that context, says Freedland, “stories of anti-Jewish hatred take on an almost allegorical quality—as if they are not about Jews at all, but are, instead, parables for racism or intolerance in general.
“This might work if Shylock was, say, an Inca, or a Minoan—if, in other words, the Jews were no longer around. But Jews are still around—and so, unfortunately, is anti-Semitism.”
Michael can be reached at Michael@zestoforange.com.